The core feature of a critical essay is that you will either be analyzing, interpreting and evaluating a text, and sometimes undertaking a combination of all of these activities in writing a critical essay. Writing a critical essay thus means that you should not be focusing on describing the text that you have been assigned to work on. Instead, writing a critical essay means that you must be critically engaging with the text and using your opinion, contradictions or themes within the text, and sometimes outside sources to demonstrate that you understand the text, and are capable of engaging with it at a high level.
Writing a critical essay is about far more than criticism. While criticizing the text can be a part of writing a critical essay, criticism in the context of writing a critical essay refers to analyzing the text using critical thinking. When writing a critical essay, you must think beyond criticizing the author. In fact, writing a critical essay requires that you find themes within the text and work to analyze these in relation to each other. Interpreting the text is crucial for writing a critical essay as it allows you to use your analysis of the text in a way that will be conducive to providing you with insights regarding the elements of the text that are most appropriate for writing a critical essay.
In writing a critical essay, you must continuously analyze and evaluate. The worst possible thing that you can do in writing a critical essay is to engage in description. Writing a critical essay means that 90 percent of your critical essay should be criticism, and no more than 10 percent of your critical essay should be made up of description. Because your task is to critically engage with the text in writing a critical essay, you will be penalized by your teacher or professor if your critical essay is too descriptive. Being effective in writing a critical essay means that you must learn to only describe the terms that are most important to the critical analysis you engage in when writing a critical essay.
Ultimately, writing a critical essay is a process whereby you combine critical thinking with a text and sometimes the use of external sources to make an argument about a component of a text. Because writing a critical essay means that you must meaningfully engage with the substance of the text, this necessarily means that you need to have read it and understood it. While you might try to use an online summary to write a critical essay, this will often be obvious to your professor because it will lead you to repeat the same types of criticism that have been produced by many students over the years. Given that this could lead you to lose points or be accused of plagiarism, writing a critical essay requires that you read and understand the text.